ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of classic human astrovirus (HAstV) among children under five years old with acute diarrhea, and to understand the role of HAstV in children acute diarrhea.Methods:A total of 1 010 fecal specimens were collected in 1 010 outpatients under five years old with acute diarrhea admitted to Children′s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2016. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR was used for screening classic HAstV, group A rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus. Genotypes of classic HAstV were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis.Results:The overall positive rate of classic HAstV was 2.7%(27/1 010). The detection rates of classic HAstV from 2012 to 2016 were 6.9%(10/144), 3.5%(5/144), 2.1%(3/144), 1.5%(4/265) and 1.6%(5/313), respectively. Almost 96.3%(26/27) of children infected with HAstV were 0 to 36 months of age. The prevalence of classic HAstV infections displayed a typical autumn/winter seasonality except in 2016. All the positive classic HAstV strains were genotyped as HAstV-1 with two lineages of HAstV-1a and HAstV-1b. Among them, the lineage of HAstV-1a was the predominant subtype (63.0%, 17/27). There were 77.8%(21/27) of the children with acute diarrhea only infected with classic HAstV, whereas for the remaining cases a variety of other enteric viruses were detected (three cases co-infected with HAstV and group A rotavirus, two cases co-infected with HAstV and adenovirus, and one case co-infected with HAstV, group A rotavirus and adenovirus).Conclusions:Children infected with HAstV are mainly less than 36 months of age. Although the genotype of classic HAstV detected in this study is single, but the lineages are in a state of dynamic change. Long-time and continuous monitor for the epidemiology of classic HAstV is needed to avoid outbreak of diarrhea in children.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Human astrovirus (HAstV) 1-8 and highly divergent HAstVMLB1−3 genotypes have been detected in children both with and without acute gastroenteritis (AGE). One hundred and seventy fecal samples from children (≤5 years old) living in the Amazon region were evaluated for the presence of HAstV1-8, HAstV MLB1−3 and HAstVVA1−3, using an usual RT-PCR protocol and a new protocol with specific primers designed to detect HAstVMLB1−3. HAstVMLB1 and HAstV MLB2, as well as the HAstV3 and 5 genotypes were detected. HAstVMLB1−2 genotype was detected for the first time in Brazil at a frequency of 3.5% (6/170).
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Mamastrovirus , Astroviridae Infections , Gastroenteritis , Phylogeny , Mamastrovirus/genetics , Brazil , Astroviridae Infections/diagnosis , Astroviridae Infections/epidemiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Feces , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , GenotypeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of human rotavirus (HRV),human calicivirus (HuCV),human astrovirus (HAstV) and human enteral adenovirus (HAdV)in Ningxia province during 2011. Methods Stool specimen was collected from acute diarrhea case of Ningxia during 2011. HRV was detected by ELISA and serotype/genotype identified on those RT-PCR positive specimens. HuCV,HAstV and HAdV were detected by RT-PCR. Results In this study,a total of 690 specimens were detected,with the infection rates of HRV,HuCV,HAstV and HAdV as 2.17%,21.74%,3.19%and 6.52%,respectively. Co-infections were found in 4.20%of all the samples being tested. Among 15 HRV positive cases,serotypes G1,G3 and P[4]were the most predominant strains. Conclusion Children who were under 2 years of age were the majority among patients infected by diarrhea viruses while HuCV was recognized as the main pathogen responsible for the viral diarrhea casses in Ningxia,2011.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of human rotavirus (HRV),human calicivirus (HuCV),human astrovirus (HAstV) and human enteral adenovirus (HAdV)in Ningxia province during 2011. Methods Stool specimen was collected from acute diarrhea case of Ningxia during 2011. HRV was detected by ELISA and serotype/genotype identified on those RT-PCR positive specimens. HuCV,HAstV and HAdV were detected by RT-PCR. Results In this study,a total of 690 specimens were detected,with the infection rates of HRV,HuCV,HAstV and HAdV as 2.17%,21.74%,3.19%and 6.52%,respectively. Co-infections were found in 4.20%of all the samples being tested. Among 15 HRV positive cases,serotypes G1,G3 and P[4]were the most predominant strains. Conclusion Children who were under 2 years of age were the majority among patients infected by diarrhea viruses while HuCV was recognized as the main pathogen responsible for the viral diarrhea casses in Ningxia,2011.
ABSTRACT
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is a major cause of acute diarrhea among children, resulting in outbreaks of diarrhea and occasionally hospitalization. Improved surveillance and application of sensitive molecular diagnostics have further defined the impact of HAstV infections in children. These studies have shown that HAstV infections are clinically milder (diarrhea, vomiting, fever) than infections with other enteric agents. Among the 8 serotypes of HAstV identified, serotype 1 is the predominant strain worldwide. In addition to serotype 1, the detection rate of HAstV types 2 to 8 has increased by using newly developed assays. HAstV is less common compared with other major gastroenteritis viruses, including norovirus and rotavirus; however, it is a potentially important viral etiological agent with a significant role in acute gastroenteritis. A better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and characteristics of HAstV strains may be valuable to develop specific prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Diarrhea , Disease Outbreaks , Gastroenteritis , Hospitalization , Mamastrovirus , Molecular Epidemiology , Norovirus , Pathology, Molecular , Sprains and Strains , VomitingABSTRACT
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is a major cause of acute diarrhea among children, resulting in outbreaks of diarrhea and occasionally hospitalization. Improved surveillance and application of sensitive molecular diagnostics have further defined the impact of HAstV infections in children. These studies have shown that HAstV infections are clinically milder (diarrhea, vomiting, fever) than infections with other enteric agents. Among the 8 serotypes of HAstV identified, serotype 1 is the predominant strain worldwide. In addition to serotype 1, the detection rate of HAstV types 2 to 8 has increased by using newly developed assays. HAstV is less common compared with other major gastroenteritis viruses, including norovirus and rotavirus; however, it is a potentially important viral etiological agent with a significant role in acute gastroenteritis. A better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and characteristics of HAstV strains may be valuable to develop specific prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Diarrhea , Disease Outbreaks , Gastroenteritis , Hospitalization , Mamastrovirus , Molecular Epidemiology , Norovirus , Pathology, Molecular , Sprains and Strains , VomitingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Human astrovirus (HAstV) is known to be an important etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. However, the prevalence of HAstV infection varies according to geographic region and patient age. The purpose of our study was to investigate the incidence of HAstV infection among hospitalized children at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children up to five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. A total of 812 fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis between February 2004 and January 2005. Fecal specimens were screened for rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and norovirus by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HAstV positive samples were characterized by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Rotavirus was detected in 16.9% (138/812), norovirus in 11.6% (94/812), and adenovirus in 4.0% (33/812) of the study population. HAstV was detected in 4.0% (33/812) samples by RT- PCR. The age distribution of HAstV positive patients was as follows: <12 month old, 82.0% (27/ 33); 1~2 years old, 6.0% (2/33); 2~5 years old, 12.0% (4/33). The seasonal distribution of HAstV positive samples was as follows; April (3), May (5), June (4), August (12), September (4), October (2), November (2), and December (1). The peak rate of HAstV infection was observed during the summer season, 2004. A mixed infection of viral agents was confirmed in 2.7% (22 /812) of the study population, most commonly with rotavirus and norovirus, and with rotavirus and HAstV. Genotype 1 was the predominant type (91%, 20/22) and genotype 8 was detected in two cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HAstV infection was 4.0% in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis, and was especially high in infants. HAstV can be considered as an important etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in children.